Representación política del apoyo a la redistribución en América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18504/pl3365-003-2025Palabras clave:
democracia, redistribución, capacidad de respuesta, ideología del gobierno, partidos programáticosResumen
Los estudios acerca de la representación de las preferencias de políticas de los ciudadanos en democracias consolidadas señalan dos fuentes de sesgo: dinero y partidismo. En América Latina, las políticas redistributivas no muestran estos sesgos. La representación de las preferencias redistributivas está moldeada por la naturaleza de los vínculos entre ciudadanos y partidos políticos. Los lazos programáticos y carismáticos deberían conducir a un mayor nivel de representación de las preferencias redistributivas de sectores medios y bajos por parte de gobiernos de izquierda y los vínculos clientelares deberían reducir esta representación independientemente de la ideología. Analizo datos de encuestas y de redistribución del ingreso en las democracias de América Latina entre 2008 y 2018. Los resultados son mixtos. Los partidos de izquierda representan las preferencias redistributivas de los votantes de ingresos bajos o medios cuando tienen lazos altamente carismáticos, en línea con las hipótesis, y poco programáticos, contra las expectativas. Los vínculos clientelares no moldean la representación de las preferencias redistributivas.
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