Beneficios compartidos y la gobernanza de la extracción de recursos naturales en territorios indígenas: aportes y limitaciones para Latinoamérica

Gonzalo Bustamante-Rivera; Thibault Martin†

doi:10.18504/10.18504/pl2652-009-2018

Autores/as

Gonzalo Bustamante-Rivera Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
Thibault Martin†

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18504/10.18504/pl2652-009-2018

Palabras clave:

Gobernanza, pueblos indígenas, recursos naturales-explotación, beneficios compartidos, América Latina.

Resumen

Los beneficios compartidos corresponden a una modalidad reciente de gobernanza de la extracción de recursos naturales en territorios indígenas en la que las industrias extractivas comparten directamente con las comunidades afectadas una parte de los beneficios obtenidos en sus operaciones. En el centro del debate se encuentra el tema del rol del Estado ante los proyectos extractivos, el carácter asimétrico de las negociaciones directas entre comunidades e industrias extractivas, sus reales resultados para las comunidades y la naturaleza de las negociaciones para acordar los beneficios compartidos. Se discute su aplicabilidad en el contexto latinoamericano.

Citas

Affaires Indiennes et du Nord Canada. (2011). Consultation et accommodement des Autochtones: lignes directrices actualisées à l’intention des fonctionnaires fédéraux pour respecter l’obligation de consulter. Ottawa: Ministère des Affaires Indiennes et du Nord Canada.

Anaya, J. (2011). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Extractive Industries Operating within or near Indigenous Territories. Ginebra: Human Rights Council, United Nations.

Arellano-Yanguas, J. (2012). Mining and conflict in Peru: Sowing the minerals, reaping a hail of stones. En Bebbington, A. (Ed.). Social Conflict, Economic Development and Extractive Industry: Evidence from South America (pp. 89-111). Nueva York, Routledge.

Auty, R. (1998). Resource Abondance and Economic Development: Improving the Perfomance of Resource-rich Countries. Helsinsky: ONU World Institute for Development Economics Research.

Bebbington, A. (2012). Extractive industries, socio-environmental conflicts and political economy transformations in Andean America. En Bebbington, A. (Ed.). Social Conflict, Economic Development and Extractive Industry: Evidence from South America (pp. 3-26). Nueva York: Routledge.

Bebbington, D. (2012). State-Indigenous tensions over hydrocarbon expansión in the Bolivian Chaco. En Bebbington, A. (Ed.). Social Conflict, Economic Development and Extractive Industry: Evidence from South America (pp. 134-152). Nueva York: Routledge.

Boschini, A., Petterson, J. & Roine, J. (2007). Resource Curse or Not: A Question of Appropriability. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 109(3), 593-617.

Bustamante, G. (2015, marzo). The Right to Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in Latin America: The Governmentality of the Extraction of Natural Resources. Revue québécoise de droit international, 179-197.

Campbell, B. & Laforce, M. (2010). La réforme des cadres réglementaires dans le secteur minier : les expériences canadienne et africaine mises en perspective. Recherche amérindiennes au Québec, XL(3), 69-84.

Campbell, B. & Sarrasin, B. (2012). Introduction. En Laforce, M., Campbell, B. & Sarrasin, B. (Eds.). Pouvoir et régulation dans le secteur minier: leçons à partir de l’expérience canadienne (pp. 1-8-). Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec.

Casalis, A. & Trinelli, A. (2013). El desarrollo territorial en Argentina: oportunidades y desafíos de la explotación de los recursos minero (2002-2012). Revista Estado y Políticas Públicas, (1), 97-114.

Dietz, S., Neumayer, E. & De Soysa, I. (2007). Corruption, the Resource Curse and Genuine Saivings. Environment and Development Economics, 12(1), 33-53.

Dreyer, D. & Myers, Heather, (2004). Impact and Benefit Agreements: Do the Ross River Dena Benefit from Mineral Projects? Informe Final presentado ante el Northern Land Use Institute, University of British Columbia, Prince George, Canadá.

Dunning, T. (2005). Resource Dependence, Economic Perfomance, and Political Stability. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(4), 451-482.

Égré, D. (2007). Compendium on Relevant Practices 2nd Stage: Revised Final Report Benefit Sharing Issue: Dams and Development Project. Montreal: United Nations Programme.

Fidler, C. (2010). Increasing the Sustainability of a Resource Development: Aboriginal Engagement and Negociated Agreements. Environmental Development Sustaintability, (12), 233-244.

Fidler, C. & Hitch, M. (2007). Impact and Benefit Agreements: A Contentious Issue for Environmental and Aboriginal Justice. Environments Journal, 35(2), 49-69.

Gibson, R. (2006). Sustainability assessment and conflict resolution: Reaching agreement to proceed with the Voisey’s Bay nickel mine. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(3-4), 334-348.

Gudynas, E. (2012). Estado compensador y nuevos extractivismos : las ambivalencias del extractivismo sudamericano. Nueva Sociedad, (237), 128-146.

Hitch, M. (2006). Impact and Benefit Agreements and the political ecology of mineral development in Nunavut. Tesis para obtener el grado de Doctor en Filosofía en Geografía, Universidad de Waterloo. Waterloo, Ontario, Canadá.

Johnston, B. & García-Downing, C. (2004). Hydroelectric Development on the Bío-Bío River, Chile: Anthropology and Human Rights Advocacy. En Blaser, M., Feit, H. A. & McRae, G. (Eds.). In the Way of Development: Indigenous Peoples, Life Projects and Globalization (pp. 211-234). Londres/Nueva York: Zed Books.

Knotsch, C., Siebenmorgen, P. & Bradshaw, B. (2010). Les “Ententes sur les répercussions et les avantages”: des occassions ratées? Recherches amérindiennes au Québec, 40(3), 59-68.

Laforce, M. (2012a). Processus de dialogue et ententes négociées: réponses durables aux conflits? En Laforce, M., Campbell, B. & Sarrasin, B. (Ed.). Pouvoir et régulation dasn le secteur minier: Leçons à partir de l’expérience canadienne (pp. 1919-251). Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec.

Laforce, M. (2012b). Régulation du projet minier de Voisey’s Bay au Labrador: Vers un rééquilibrage des pouvoirs dans certains contextes politiques et institutionnels? En Laforce, M., Campbell, B. & Sarrasin, B. (Ed.). Pouvoir et régulation dasn le secteur minier: Leçons à partir de l’expérience canadienne (pp. 157-189). Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec.

Lukas-Amulung, S. (2009). The Rules of Engagement? Negotiated Agreements and Environmental Assessment in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Memoria para obtener el grado de Master of Arts in Environment and Management. Victoria, Canadá: Royal Roads University.

Newman, D. (2014). Revisiting the Duty to Consult Aboriginal Peoples. Saskatoon, Canadá: Purich Publishing.

O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2010). Aboriginal Mining Company Contractual Agreements in Australie and Canada: Implications for Political Autonomy and Community Development. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 30(1-2), 69-86.

O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2009). Corporate-Aboriginal Agreements on Mineral Development: The Wider Implications of Contractual Arrangements. Ponencia presentada en la Conferencia Repensando las Industrias Extractivas realizada del 5 al 7 de marzo 2009, York University, Toronto, Canadá.

O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2003). Implemening Agreements Between Indigenous Peoples and Resource Developers in Australia and Canada. Aboriginal Politics and Public Sector. Management Research Paper, núm. 3. Griffith University.

O’Faircheallaigh, C. & Corbett, T. (2005). Indigenous Participation in Environmental Management of Mining Projects: The Role of Negociated Agreements. Environmental Politics, 14(5), 629-647.

Ostau, F. & Niño, L. (2012). La responsabilidad social empresarial en las empresas del sector carbonífero colombiano: lecciones y experiencias de las transnacionales mineras en el marco de los estándares internacionales determinados por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Diálogo de Saberes, (36), 81-98.

Pendergast, S., Clarke, J. & Van Kooten, C. (2011). Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources. Canadian Journal of Political Sciences/Revue canadienne de sciences politiques, 44(2), 411-437.

Prno, J. (2007). Assessing the Effectiveness of Impact and Benefit Agreements from the Perspective of their Aboriginal Signatories. Memoria para la obtención del grado de Master of Arts. Guelph: Universtity of Guelph.

Qureshy, S. (2006). Landlords and Political Traps: How Mineral Exploration Companies Seek Acces to First Nation Territory. Memoria para la obtención del grado de Master of Arts. Ottawa: Carleton University.

Reed, D. (2002). Resource extraction industries in developing countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 39(3), 199-226.

Riva, P. de la. (2010). Proceso de consulta y participación proyecto de exploración sísmica 2D campos Tacobo y Tajibo, Bloque San Isidro. En Bascopé Sanjinés, I. (Coord.). Lecciones aprendidas sobre consulta previa (pp. 159-232). La Paz: CEJIS.

Ross, M. (1999). The Political Economy of the Resource Curse. World Politics, (51), 297-322.

Salant, S. (1995). The Economics of Natural Resource Extraction: A Primer for Development Economists. The World Bank Research Observer, 10(1), 93-111.

Sawyer, S. & Gomez, E. (2012). Transnational governmentality in the context of resource extraction. En Sawyer, S. & Gomez, E. (Eds.). The politics of resource extraction: indigenous peoples, multinational corporations and the State (pp. 1-8). Nueva York: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development/Palgrave MacMillan.

Shanks, G. (2006). Sharing in the Benefits of Resource Developments: A Study of the First Nations-Industry Impacts Benefits Agreements. Ottawa: Public Policy Forum.

Urteaga-Crovetto, P. (2012). The Broker State and the Inevitability of Progress: The Camisea Project and Indigenous Peoples in Peru. En Sawyer, S. & Gomez, E. (Eds.). The politics of resource extraction: indigenous peoples, multinational corporations and the State (pp. 103-128). Nueva York: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development/Palgrave MacMillan.

Wang, C. (2012, junio). A guide for Local Benefit Sharing in Hydropower Projects. Social Development Working Papers of the World Bank, (128).

Weinthal, E. & Jones, P. (2006). Combating the Resource Curse: An Alternative Solution to Managing Mineral Wealth. Perspectives in Politics, 4(1), 35-53.

Weitzner, Vi. (2006). “Dealling full force”: Lutsel K’e Dene First Nation’s Experience Negotiating with Mining Companies. Ottawa: The North-South Institute.

Woodward & Company. (2009). Benefit Sharing Agreements in British Columbia: a Guide for First Nations, Businesses and Governments. Informe preparado para Ecosystems-Based Management Working Group, Victoria, Canadá.

World Commission on Dams. (2000). Dams and Development: A new Framework for Decision-Making. Londres: World Commission on Dams.

Yu, W. (2008). Benefit Sharing in International Rivers: Findings from the Senegal River Basin, the Columbia River Basin, and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Zarsky, L. & Stanley, L. (2011). Buscando oro en el altiplano de Guatemala: Beneficios económicos y riesgos ambientales de la Mina Marlin. Medford, Massachusetts: Instituto de Desarrollo Global y Medio Ambiente.