Resource mobilization or disaffected radicalism? Support for protest in Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18504/pl3060-001-2022Keywords:
protest, blockades, demonstrations, support for democracy, interest in politics, ArgentinaAbstract
This article aims to analyze the reasons behind support for protest, differentiating between two types: legal demonstrations, and road blockades. To do so, we contrast two theories: resource mobilization, and disaffected radicalism, taking the case of Argentina as a reference. We use data from the Americas Barometer for the period 2008-2017. Controlling for temporality through a fixed-effects ordered logistic model, the results show that the resource mobilization theory has greater empirical support, even with the exception of support for democracy in blockades. Moreover, the analysis shows that the main determinants, support for democracy and interest in politics, are maintained over time, although the rejection of legal demonstrations by non-democrats and those disinterested in politics is reinforced.
Downloads
References
Almeida, P. D. (2007). Defensive mobilization: Popular movements against economic adjustment policies in Latin America. Latin American Perspectives, 34(3), 123-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X07300942 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X07300942
Alvarez, R. M., Levin, I., & Núñez, L. (2017). The four faces of political participation in Argentina: Using latent class analysis to study political behavior. The Journal of Politics, 79(4), 1386-1402. https://doi.org/10.1086/692786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/692786
Arce, M., & Mangonnet, J. (2013). Competitiveness, partisanship, and subnational protest in Argentina. Comparative Political Studies, 46(8), 895-919. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012463888 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012463888
Arce, M., & Rice, R. (2009). Societal protest in post-stabilization Bolivia. Latin American Research Review, 44(1), 88-101. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.0.0071 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.0.0071
Atzeni, M. (2010). Workplace conflict: Mobilization and solidarity in Argentina. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230281622 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230281622
Auyero, J. (2006). Protest in contemporary Argentina: a contentious repertoire in the making. En P. Fernández-Kelly & J. Shefner (Eds.), Out of the shadows: political action and the informal economy in Latin America (pp. 156-194). Pennsylvania: Penn State Press.
Auyero, J. (2002). Los cambios en el repertorio de la protesta social en la Argentina. Desarrollo Económico, 42(166), 187-210. https://doi.org/10.2307/3455940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3455940
Barrera, V., & Hoyos, C. (2020). Violent and disorderly? Analysis of the repertoires of social protest in Colombia. Análisis Político, 33(98), 167-190. https://doi.org/10.15446/ANPOL.V33N98.89416 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v33n98.89416
Bellinger, P. T., & Arce, M. (2011). Protest and democracy in Latin America’s market era. Political Research Quarterly, 64(3), 688-704. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910373557 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910373557
Bernhagen, P., & Marsh, M. (2007). Voting and protesting: explaining citizen participation in old and new European democracies. Democratization, 14(1), 44-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340601024298 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340601024298
Bohigues, A. (2018). El apoyo a la democracia en los parlamentos latinoamericanos. Análisis del demócrata ambivalente. Revista de Ciencia Política, 38(1), 51-82.
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-090x2018000100051
Boyle, M. P., & Armstrong, C. (2009). Measuring level of deviance: Considering the distinct influence of goals and tactics on news treatment of abortion protests, Atlantic Journal of Communication, 17(4), 166-183.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870903156134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870903156134
Boyle, M. P., McCluskey, M. R., McLeod, D. M., & Stein, S. E. (2005). Newspapers and protest: An examination of protest coverage from 1960 to 1999. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 638-653. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200310 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200310
Brady, H. E., Verba, S., & Schlozman, K. L. (1995). Beyond SES: A resource model of political participation. American Political Science Review, 89(2), 271-294. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082425 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2082425
Carrera, N. I., & Cotarelo, M. C. (2003). Social struggles in present day Argentina. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 22(2), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00073
Cornell, A., & Grimes, M. (2015). Institutions as incentives for civic action: Bureaucratic structures, civil society, and disruptive protests. The Journal of Politics, 77(3), 664-678. https://doi.org/10.1086/681058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/681058
Crozat, M. (1998). Are the times a-changing’? Assessing the acceptance of protest in western democracies. En D. S. Meyer & S. G. (Eds.), The social movement society: Contentious politics for the new century (pp. 59-82). Lanham: Rowman y Littlefield.
Cuevas Ossandon, R., & Villalobos Dintrans, C. (2017). Disposición de los latinoamericanos hacia la protesta. Un análisis exploratorio a partir de Latinobarómetro 2015. Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política, 8, 187-211. https://doi.org/10.7770/rchdcp-v8n2-art1297 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7770/rchdcp-V8N2-art1297
Dalton, R. J., Van Sickle, A., & Weldon, S. (2009). The individual-institutional nexus of protest behaviour. British Journal of Political Science, 40(1), 51-73.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712340999038X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712340999038X
Dalton, R., & Sickle, A. v. (2005). The resource, structural, and cultural bases of protest. Irvine: Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California.
Dinerstein, A. (2003). Power or counter power? The dilemma of the piquetero movement in Argentina post-crisis. Capital & Class, (81), 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1177/030981680308100101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/030981680308100101
Disi Pavlic, R. (2021). The nearness of youth: Spatial and temporal effects of protests on political attitudes in Chile. Latin American Politics and Society, 63(1), 72-94. https://doi.org/10.1017/LAP.2020.33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2020.33
Disi Pavlic, R. (2020). Choosing from the repertoire of contention: Evidence from student protests in Latin America. Revista de Sociologia e Política, 28(76), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987320287611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987320287611
Disi Pavlic, R., & Mardones Arévalo, R. (2019). Chile 2010: la desafección política y su impacto en la participación política convencional y no convencional. Reforma y Democracia, (73), 189-226.
Eckstein, S. (2001). Power and popular protest in Latin America. En S. E. Merino, Power and popular protest: Latin American social movements. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Feldman, S. (2003). Enforcing social conformity: A theory of authoritarianism. Political Psychology, 24(1), 41-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00316 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00316
Freyre, M. L. (2014). El problema del desempleo en Argentina y el surgimiento de los Planes de Empleo y sostenimiento de ingresos en la agenda pública. Revista de Sociologia e Política, 22(51), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987314225103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-987314225103
Galais, C. (2014). Don’t vote for them: The effects of the Spanish indignant movement on attitudes about voting. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 24(3), 334-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.887089 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.887089
Gamallo, L. (2020). La acción colectiva en Argentina: actores, demandas y formas de lucha desde el retorno democrático. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 28(55), 83-108. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2855-004-2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2855-004-2020
Gamson, W. A. (1992). The social psychology of collective action. En A. D. (Ed.), Frontiers in social movement theory (pp. 53-76). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Hylton, F. (2020). Algo está pasando en Colombia. Nueva Sociedad. https://www.nuso.org/articulo/algo-esta-pasando-en-colombia/
Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691214429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691214429
Inglehart, R., & Welzer, C. (2005). Modernization, cultural change, and democracy. The human development sequence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jost, J., Federico, C., & Napier, J. (2009). Political ideology: Its structure, functions, and elective affinities. Annual Review of Psychology, (60), 307-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163600
Lodola, G. J., & Seligson, M. (2013). Cultura política de la democracia en Argentina y en las Américas, 2012. Hacia la igualdad de oportunidades. Buenos Aires: LAPOP/Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
Lodola, G., & Seligson, M. A. (2011). Cultura política de la democracia en Argentina, 2010. Consolidación democrática en las Américas en tiempos difíciles. Buenos Aires: LAPOP/Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
Marsh, A. (1974). Explorations in unorthodox political behavior: A scale to measure 'protest potential. European Journal of Political Research, 2(2), 107-129.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1974.tb01233.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1974.tb01233.x
Marsh, A., & Kaase, M. (1979). Background of Political Action. En S. Barnes & M. K. (Eds.), Political action: Mass participation in five western democracies. Beverley Hills: Sage.
McAdam, D. (1999). Political process and the development of Black insurgency, 1930-1970 (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226555553.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226555553.001.0001
McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (1973). The trend of social movements in America: Professionalization and resource mobilization. (CRSO Working Paper, no. 164).
Medel Sierralta, R. M., & Somma González, N. M. (2016). ¿Marchas, ocupaciones o barricadas? Explorando los determinantes de las tácticas de la protesta en Chile. Política y Gobierno, 23(1), 163-199.
Moseley, M. W. (2018). Protest state: The rise of everyday contention in Latin America. Nueva York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0002
Moseley, M., & Moreno, D. (2010). The normalization of protest in Latin America. Americas Barometer Insights, (42), 1-7.
Mourão, R. R., Saldaña, M., McGregor, S. C., & Zeh, A. D. (2016). Support for protests in Latin America: Classifications and the role of online networking. Social Sciences, 5(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci5040058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci5040058
Natalucci, A. (2011). Entre la movilización y la institucionalización: Los dilemas de los movimientos sociales (Argentina, 2001-2010). Polis, (28), 193-219.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-65682011000100012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-65682011000100012
Norris, P. (2003). Young people y political activism: From the politics of loyalties to the politics of choice. Paper presentado en el Council of Europe Symposium “Young people and democratic institutions: From disillusionment to participation”, Strasbourg, France, noviembre.
Norris, P., Walgrave, S., & Aelst, P. V. (2005). Who demonstrates? Disaffected rebels, conventional participants, or everyone? Comparative Politics, 2(37), 251-275.
https://doi.org/10.2307/20072882 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20072882
Pereyra, S. (2017). Protest, social movements, and malaise in political representation in Argentina. En A. Joignant, M. Morales & C. Fuentes (Eds.), Malaise in representation in Latin American countries: Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay (pp. 235-256). Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59955-1_10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59955-1_10
Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind: Investigations Into the nature of belief systems and personality systems. Nueva York: Basic Books.
Rottenbacher, J. M. (2012). Conservadurismo político y rigidez cognitiva en una muestra de estudiantes y egresados universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 30(2), 257-271.
Rottenbacher, M. J., & Schmitz, M. (2013). Condicionantes ideológicos de la criminalización de la protesta social y el apoyo a la democracia en una muestra limeña. Revista de Psicología, 31(2), 371-394. https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.201302.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.201302.008
Schussman, A., & Soule, S. A. (2005). Process and protest: Accounting for individual protest participation. Social Forces, 84(2), 1083-1108. https://doi.org/10.1353/SOF.2006.0034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0034
Schwartz, M. (1988). Radical protest and social structure: The Southern Farmers’ Alliance and cotton tenancy, 1880-1890. University of Chicago Press.
Scribano, A., & Schuster, F. (2001). Protesta social en la Argentina de 2001: Entre la normalidad y la ruptura. Observatorio Social de América Latina, (5).
Somma, N. M., Rossi, F. M., & Donoso, S. (2020). The attachment of demonstrators to institutional politics: Comparing LGBTIQ pride marches in Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 39(3), 380-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12956 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12956
Soule, S. (2001). Will they engage? Political knowledge, participation and attitudes of Generations X and Y. Paper presentado en el Active Participation or a Retreat to Privacy, Potsdam, Alemania.
Svampa, M., & Pereyra, S. (2003). Entre la ruta y el barrio: La experiencia de las organizaciones piqueteras. Buenos Aires: Biblos.
Tarrow, S. G. (1994). Power in movement: Social movements, collective action and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vilas, C. (2006). Neoliberal meltdown and social protest: Argentina 2001- 2002. Critical Sociology, 32(1), 163-186. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916306776150331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156916306776150331
Wallace, S. J., Zepeda-Millán, C., & Jones-Correa, M. (2014). Spatial and temporal proximity: Examining the effects of protests on political attitudes. American Journal of Political Science, 58(2), 433-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/AJPS.12060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12060
Wilson, G. (1973). The Psychology of Conservatism. Nueva York: Academic Press.
Downloads
Published
Citas a este artículo:
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, sede México
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
