Chile, economic miracle, but… what’s about well-being?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18504/pl3059-005-2022Keywords:
Chile, social distress, subjective well-being, well-being, economic miracle, social progressAbstract
Chile has experienced an economic miracle in recent decades. Income inequality decreased, per capita income increased, and the poverty rate was substantially reduced. In 2019, social distress in important segments of the population was evident; the government, international organizations and experts did not anticipate and could not explain it with their models of social progress. This research argues that frequently used indicators of economic development are insufficient to capture the well-being situation of the population and to appreciate social progress. Subjective well-being data is used to show that Chile constitutes a case of rapid economic growth with no well-being improvement.
Downloads
References
Abramovitz, M. (1959). The welfare interpretation of secular trends in national income and product. En M. Abramovitz (Ed.), The allocation of economic resources – Essays in honor of Bernard Francis Haley. Stanford: Stanford UP.
Adler, A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2016). Using wellbeing for public policy: Theory, measurement, and recommendations. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i1.429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i1.429
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social Indicators of Well-Being. Nueva York: Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5
Arampatzi, E., Burger, M., Ianchovichina, E., Röhricht, T., & Veenhoven, R. (2018). Unhappy development: Dissatisfaction with life on the eve of the Arab spring. Review of Income and Wealth, 64(October), S80-S113. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12388
Banco Mundial. (1990-2018). World Development Indicators. Washington, D. C.: Banco Mundial.
Bartolini, S. (2019). Unhappiness as an engine of economic growth. En M. Rojas (Ed.), The economics of happiness: How the Easterlin paradox changed our understanding of progress and well-being (pp. 271-301). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_12
Bauer, R. A. (Ed.). (1966). Social Indicators. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Berglund, V., Johansson Sevä, I., & Strandh, M. (2016). Subjective well-being and job satisfaction among self-employed and regular employees: does personality matter differently? Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 28(1), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2015.1115699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2015.1115699
Charles-Leija, H., Aboites, G., & Llamas, I. (2019). Violence in the household and happiness in Mexico. Australian Economic Review, 52(2), 200-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12298 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12298
Charles-Leija, H., Aboites, G., & Llamas, I. (2018). Una revisión de aportaciones que contribuyeron al estudio de la utilidad y la felicidad en la economía. Análisis Económico, 33(84), 57-76.
https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2018v33n84/Charles DOI: https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/ae/2018v33n84/Charles
Charles-Leija, H., Sánchez Rodríguez, R., Ramírez Jaramillo, A. L., & Aguirre Peña, J. (2019). Entrepreneurs in México, an approach to their quality of life. Dimensión Empresarial, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.15665/dem.v17i3.1646 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15665/dem.v17i3.1646
Clark, A. E., Frijters, P., & Shields, M. A. (2008). Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the Easterlin paradox and other puzzles. Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), 95-144. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.1.95 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.1.95
Contreras, D., Cooper, R., & Neilson, C. (2008). Crecimiento pro pobre en Chile. El Trimestre Económico, 75(4), 931-944. https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v75i300.423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v75i300.423
Coyle, D. (2015). GDP: A brief but affectionate history-revised and expanded edition. Princeton University Press.
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77mfx DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77mfx
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2015). National accounts of subjective well-being. American Psychologist, 70(3), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038899
Diener, E., Lucas, R., Helliwell, J. F., Schimmack, U., & Helliwell, J. (2009). Well-being for public policy. Series in Positive Psychology. Oxford Scholarship Online.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334074.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195334074.001.0001
Durand, M., & Exton, C. (2019). Adopting a well-being approach in central government: Policy mechanisms and practical tools. Global Happiness and Wellbeing.
Durkheim, E. (1989). El suicidio. Akal.
Easterlin, R. (1974). Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. En P. A. David & M. W. Reder (Eds.), Nations and households in economic growth (pp. 89-125).
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-205050-3.50008-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-205050-3.50008-7
Encuesta Mundial Gallup (2006 - 2016). Washington, D.C.: The Gallup Organization.
García, P., & Pérez, C. (2017). Desigualdad, inflación, ciclos y crisis en Chile: Inequality, inflation, cycles and crisis in Chile. Estudios de Economía, 44(2), 185-221.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52862017000200185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52862017000200185
Genov, N. (1998). Transformation and anomie: Problems of quality of life in Bulgaria. Social Indicators Research, 43(1-2), 197-209.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006895413626 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006895413626
Graham, C., & Pettinato, S. (2002). Frustrated achievers: Winners, losers and subjective well-being in new market economies. The Journal of Development Studies, 38(4), 100-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322431 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322431
Henry, K. L., Lovegrove, P. J., Steger, M. F., Chen, P. Y., Cigularov, K. P., & Tomazic, R. G. (2014). The potential role of meaning in life in the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(2), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9960-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9960-2
Hicks, S., Tinkler, L., & Allin, P. (2013). Measuring subjective well-being and its potential role in policy: Perspectives from the UK Office for National Statistics. Social Indicators Research, 114(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0384-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0384-x
Husserl, E. (1984). La crisis de las ciencias europeas y la fenomenología transcendental. Folios.
Joseph, J., & McGregor, J. A. (2020). Wellbeing, resilience and sustainability. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32307-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32307-3
Kuznets, S. (1948). National income: A new version. The Review of Economics and Statistics, XXX (3), 151-179.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1926746 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1926746
Kuznets, S. (1934). National income, 1929-1932. 73rd US Congress, 2d session, Senate document no. 124.
Land, K. C., & Michalos, A. C. (2018). Fifty years after the social indicators movement: Has the promise been fulfilled? Social Indicators Research, 135(3), 835-868.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1571-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1571-y
Lane, R. E. (1991). The market experience. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625664
Latinobarómetro (2001-2018). Santiago, Chile: Corporación Latinobarómetro.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a new science. Londres: Penguin Press.
Leyva, G., Bustos, A., & Romo, A. M. (2016). Life satisfaction and happiness in Mexico: Correlates and redundancies. En M. Rojas (Ed.), Handbook of happiness research in Latin America (pp. 579-611). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7203-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7203-7_32
Liberini, F., Redoano, M., & Proto, E. (2017). Happy voters. Journal of Public Economics, 146, 41-57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.013
Lora, E. (2008). Calidad de vida: más allá de los hechos. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2007). How stable is happiness? Using the STARTS model to estimate the stability of life satisfaction. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(5), 1091-1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.11.005
Martner, G. D. (2018). Mediciones alternativas de pobreza en Chile, 1990-2015. Economía y Sociedad, 23(53), 127-138.
https://doi.org/10.15359/eys.23-53.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15359/eys.23-53.7
Martuccelli, D. (2019). El largo octubre chileno. Bitácora sociológica. En K. Araujo (Ed.), Hilos tensados para leer el Octubre Chileno (pp. 369-476). USACH.
Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5), 672-682. https://doi.org/10.2307/2084686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2084686
Naudé, W., Amorós, J. E., & Cristi, O. (2014). “Surfeiting, the appetite may sicken”: Entrepreneurship and happiness. Small Business Economics, 42(3), 523-540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9492-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9492-x
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2013). OECD Guidelines on measuring subjective well-being. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264191655-en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264191655-en
Pacek, A., Radcliff, B., & Brockway, M. (2019). Well-being and the democratic state: How the public sector promotes human happiness. Social Indicators Research, 143(3), 1147-1159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2017-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2017-x
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). The affective and cognitive context of self-reported measures of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, (28), 1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01086714 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01086714
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). (2019). Informe Sobre desarrollo humano 2019. Más allá del ingreso, más allá de los promedios, más allá del presente: Desigualdades del desarrollo humano en el siglo XXI. Nueva York: PNUD.
Radcliff, B. (2013). The political economy of human happiness: How voters’ choices determine the quality of life. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139344371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139344371
Rojas, M. (2020). Well-being in Latin America: Drivers and policies. Springer Nature.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33498-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33498-7
Rojas, M. (Ed.). (2019). The economics of happiness: How the Easterlin paradox changed our understanding of progress and well-being. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4
Rojas, M. (2018). Happiness in Latin America has social foundations. En J. Helliwell, R. Layard & J. Sachs (Eds.) World Happiness Report 2018, New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network. ISBN 978-099-68-5136-7
Rojas, M. (2017). The subjective object of well-being studies. En G. Brulé & F. Maggino (Eds.), Metrics of subjective well-being: Limits and improvements (pp. 43-62). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61810-4_3
Rojas, M. (2015). Reformas promercado y bienestar subjetivo. América Latina. En A. Puyana Mutis (Coord.), Paradojas de la globalización y el desarrollo latinoamericano (pp. 201-228). México: Flacso México.
Rojas, M. (2014). El estudio científico de la felicidad. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Rojas, M. (Coord.). (2011). La medición del progreso y del bienestar: Propuestas desde América Latina. México: Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico.
Rojas, M. (Coord.). (2009a). Midiendo el progreso de las sociedades: Reflexiones desde México. México: Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico.
Rojas, M. (2009b). Economía de la felicidad: Hallazgos relevantes respecto al ingreso y el bienestar. El Trimestre Económico, 76(303), 537-573.
https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v76i303.489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v76i303.489
Rojas, M. (2007). The complexity of well-being: A life-satisfaction conception and a domains-of-life approach. En I. Gough, & J. A. McGregor (Eds.), Researching well-being in developing countries: From theory to research (pp. 259-280). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511488986.013
Rojas, M. (2006). Life satisfaction and satisfaction in domains of life: Is it a simple relationship? Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(4), 467-497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9009-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9009-2
Sarracino, F. (2019). When does economic growth improve well-being? En M. Rojas (Ed.), The economics of happiness: How the Easterlin paradox changed our understanding of progress and well-being (pp. 355-370). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_15
Seligman, M., & Adler, A. (2018). Positive education. Global Happiness Policy Report, 52-73.
Tironi, E. (2020). El desborde. Planeta Chile.
Tironi, E. (2006). Crónica de viaje: Chile y la ruta a la felicidad. Mercurio.
Van Praag, B. M. S., Frijters, P., & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. (2003). The anatomy of subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 51(1), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(02)00140-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(02)00140-3
Veenhoven, R., & Samuel, E. (2012). Greater happiness for a greater number: Is that possible? If so how? (Arabic). World Database of Happiness.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.003.0026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.003.0026
Downloads
Published
Citas a este artículo:
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, sede México
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
