Subjective Poverty in Mexico: the Role of Income Evaluation Norms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18504/pl1632-011-2008Keywords:
poverty, subjective poverty, subjective well–being, Mexico.Abstract
This investigation studies the relationship between poverty concepts based on presumption and imputation of well–being and a poverty concept based on a person's own evaluation of his/her condition (subjective poverty). It is shown that there are important dissonances in the classification of people as poor or non–poor between the imputation/presumption concepts and the subjective poverty concept. Dissonances are explained on the basis of multiple discrepancy theory. It is shown that a person's evaluation of his/her life condition depends on his/her historical and social situation; as well as on the existence of important intra–household scale economies. Empirical work is based on a survey applied to 1 540 persons in five states of central and south Mexico.Downloads
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References
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Praag, B.M.S. van y P. Frijters, 1999, "The Measurement of Welfare and Well–Being: The Leyden Approach", en D. Kahneman, E. Diener y N. Schwartz (eds.), Well–Being: the Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Nueva York, Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 413–433.
Praag, B.M.S van, P. Frijters, y A. Ferrer–i–Carbonell, 2003, "The Anatomy of Subjective Well–Being", en Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, núm. 51, pp. 29–49.
Praag, B.M.S. van, y A. Ferrer–i–Carbonell, 2004, Happiness Quantified: A Satisfaction Calculus Approach, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Pradhan, M. y M. Ravallion, 2000, "Measuring Poverty Using Qualitative Perceptions of Consumption Adequacy", en Review of Economics and Statistics, núm. 82, pp. 462–471.
Rojas, M., 2008, "Experienced Poverty and Income Poverty in Mexico", en World Development, núm. 36(6), junio (por publicarse).
Rojas, M., 2007a, "The Complexity of Well–Being: A Life–Satisfaction Conception and a Domains–of–Life Approach", en Ian Gough y Allister McGregor (eds.), Researching Well–Being in Developing Countries: From Theory to Research, Cambridge University Press, pp. 259–280.
Rojas, M., 2007b, "Estimating Equivalence Scales in Mexico: A Subjective Well–Being Approach", en Oxford Development Studies, núm. 35(3), septiembre, pp. 273–293.
Rojas, M., 2007c, "Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Income and Happiness: A Conceptual Referent Theory Explanation", en Journal of Economic Psychology, núm. 28(1), pp. 1–14.
Rojas, M., 2006a, "Well–Being and the Complexity of Poverty: A Subjective Well–being Approach", en Mark McGillivray y Matthew Clarke (eds.), Understanding Human Well–Being, United Nations University Press, pp. 182–206.
Rojas, M., 2006b, "Communitarian versus Individualistic Arrangements in the Family: What and Whose Income Matters for Happiness?", en R.J. Estes (ed.), Advancing Quality of Life in a Turbulent World, Nueva York, Springer Verlag.
Rojas, M., 2005, "El bienestar subjetivo en México y su relación con indicadores objetivos: consideraciones para la política pública", en Garduño L., B. Salinas y M. Rojas (eds.), Calidad de vida y bienestar subjetivo en México, Plaza y Valdés, México, pp. 83–111.
Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, 2002, Cálculos de la medición de la pobreza, documento de la Subsecretaría de Prospectiva, Planeación y Evaluación, México.
Sen, A., 1976, "Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement", en Econometrica, núm. 44, pp. 219–231.
Sosa Escudero W. y O. Arias, 2004, "Subjective and Objective Poverty in Bolivia", Universidad de San Andrés/Universidad Nacional de La Plata/Banco Mundial.
Stutzer, A., 2004, "The Role of Income Aspirations in Individual Happiness", en Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, núm. 54, pp. 89–109.
Veenhoven, R., 2003, "Arts–of–Living", en Journal of Happiness Studies, núm. 4, pp. 373–384.
Veenhoven, R., 1992, Happiness in Nations, Rotterdam, Erasmus University.
Veenhoven, R., 1984, Conditions of Happiness, Boston–Dordrecht–Londres, Kluwer Academic.
Bosch K. van den, 2001, Identifying the Poor: Using Subjective and Consensual Measures, Aldershot, Ashgate.
Buhmann, B. et al., 1988, "Equivalence Scales, Well–being, Inequality and Poverty", en Review of Income and Wealth, núm. 34, pp. 115–142.
Clark, A. y A. Oswald, 1994, "Unhappiness and Unemployment", en Economic Journal, núm. 104, pp. 648–659.
Dercon, S., 2005, Insurance against Poverty, Nueva York, Oxford University Press.
Di Tella, R., R. MacCulloch y A. Oswald, 2001, "Preferences over Inflation and Unemployment: Evidence from Surveys of Happiness", en American Economic Review, núm. 91, pp. 335–341.
Dohmen, J., 2003, "Philosophers on the Art–of–Living", en Journal of Happiness Studies, núm. 4, pp. 351–371.
Easterlin, R., 2001, "Income and Happiness: Towards a Unified Theory", en Economic Journal, núm.111, pp. 465–484.
Easterlin, R., 1995, "Will Rising the Incomes of all Increase the Happiness of All?", en Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, núm. 27(1), pp. 35–48.
Easterlin, R., 1974, "Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence", en P.A. David y M.W. Reder (eds.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth, Academic Press.
Ferrer–i–Carbonell, A., 2005, "Income and Well–Being: an Empirical Analysis of the Comparison Income Effect", en Journal of Public Economics, núm. 89, pp. 997–1019.
Festinger, L., 1954, "A Theory of Social Comparison Processes", en Human Relations, núm. 7, pp. 271–282.
Filgueira, C. y A. Peri, 2004, "América Latina: los rostros de la pobreza y sus causas determinantes", Serie Población y Desarrollo, núm. 54, CEPAL/Celade, pp. 1–64.
Foster, J., J. Greer, y E. Thorbecke, 1984, "Notes and Comments: A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures", en Econometrica, núm. 52, pp. 761–765.
Frey, B., y A. Stutzer, 2002, Happiness and Economics: How the Economy and Institutions Affect Well–Being, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
Frey, B., y A. Stutzer, 2000, "Happiness, Economy and Institutions", en Economic Journal, núm. 110, pp. 918–938.
Fuentes, N. y M. Rojas, 2001, "Economic Theory and Subjective Well–Being: Mexico", en Social Indicators Research, núm. 53(3), pp. 289–314.
Hagenaars, A. y B.M.S. van Praag, 1985, "A Synthesis of Poverty Line Definitions", en Review of Income and Wealth, núm. 31(2), pp. 139–154.
Hagenaars, A., 1986, The Perception of Poverty, Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Company.
Kakwani, N., 1980, "On a Class of Poverty Measures", en Econometrica, núm. 48, pp. 431–436.
Kahneman, D., E. Diener y N. Schwarz (eds.), 1999, Well–Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Nueva York, Russell Sage Foundation.
Kapteyn, A., P. Kooreman, y R. Willemse, 1988, "Some Methodological Issues in the Implementation of Subjective Poverty Definitions", en Journal of Human Resources, núm. 23, pp. 222–242.
Kapteyn, A. y B.M.S. van Praag, 1976, "A New Approach to the Construction of Family Equivalence Scales", en European Economic Review, núm. 7, pp. 313–335.
Layard, R., 2005, Happiness. Lessons from a New Science, London, Penguin Press.
McBride, M., 2001, "Relative–Income Effects on Subjective Well–Being in the Cross Section", en Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, núm. 45, pp. 251–278.
Merton, R. y A. Kitt, 1950, "Contributions to the Theory of Reference Group Behavior", en R. Merton y P. Lazarfeld (eds.), Glencoe, Free Press.
Michalos, A., 1985, "Multiple Discrepancy Theory", en Social Indicators Research, núm. 16, pp. 347–413.
Moser, C., 1998, "The Asset Vulnerability Framework: Reassessing Urban Poverty", en World Development, núm. 26(1), pp. 1–19.
Ng, Y–K., 1997, "A Case for Happiness, Cardinalism, and Interpersonal Comparability", en Economic Journal, núm. 107, pp. 1848–1858.
Oswald, A., 1997, "Happiness and Economic Performance", en Economic Journal, núm. 107, pp. 1815–1831.
Praag, B.M.S. van y P. Frijters, 1999, "The Measurement of Welfare and Well–Being: The Leyden Approach", en D. Kahneman, E. Diener y N. Schwartz (eds.), Well–Being: the Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Nueva York, Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 413–433.
Praag, B.M.S van, P. Frijters, y A. Ferrer–i–Carbonell, 2003, "The Anatomy of Subjective Well–Being", en Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, núm. 51, pp. 29–49.
Praag, B.M.S. van, y A. Ferrer–i–Carbonell, 2004, Happiness Quantified: A Satisfaction Calculus Approach, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Pradhan, M. y M. Ravallion, 2000, "Measuring Poverty Using Qualitative Perceptions of Consumption Adequacy", en Review of Economics and Statistics, núm. 82, pp. 462–471.
Rojas, M., 2008, "Experienced Poverty and Income Poverty in Mexico", en World Development, núm. 36(6), junio (por publicarse).
Rojas, M., 2007a, "The Complexity of Well–Being: A Life–Satisfaction Conception and a Domains–of–Life Approach", en Ian Gough y Allister McGregor (eds.), Researching Well–Being in Developing Countries: From Theory to Research, Cambridge University Press, pp. 259–280.
Rojas, M., 2007b, "Estimating Equivalence Scales in Mexico: A Subjective Well–Being Approach", en Oxford Development Studies, núm. 35(3), septiembre, pp. 273–293.
Rojas, M., 2007c, "Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Income and Happiness: A Conceptual Referent Theory Explanation", en Journal of Economic Psychology, núm. 28(1), pp. 1–14.
Rojas, M., 2006a, "Well–Being and the Complexity of Poverty: A Subjective Well–being Approach", en Mark McGillivray y Matthew Clarke (eds.), Understanding Human Well–Being, United Nations University Press, pp. 182–206.
Rojas, M., 2006b, "Communitarian versus Individualistic Arrangements in the Family: What and Whose Income Matters for Happiness?", en R.J. Estes (ed.), Advancing Quality of Life in a Turbulent World, Nueva York, Springer Verlag.
Rojas, M., 2005, "El bienestar subjetivo en México y su relación con indicadores objetivos: consideraciones para la política pública", en Garduño L., B. Salinas y M. Rojas (eds.), Calidad de vida y bienestar subjetivo en México, Plaza y Valdés, México, pp. 83–111.
Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, 2002, Cálculos de la medición de la pobreza, documento de la Subsecretaría de Prospectiva, Planeación y Evaluación, México.
Sen, A., 1976, "Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement", en Econometrica, núm. 44, pp. 219–231.
Sosa Escudero W. y O. Arias, 2004, "Subjective and Objective Poverty in Bolivia", Universidad de San Andrés/Universidad Nacional de La Plata/Banco Mundial.
Stutzer, A., 2004, "The Role of Income Aspirations in Individual Happiness", en Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, núm. 54, pp. 89–109.
Veenhoven, R., 2003, "Arts–of–Living", en Journal of Happiness Studies, núm. 4, pp. 373–384.
Veenhoven, R., 1992, Happiness in Nations, Rotterdam, Erasmus University.
Veenhoven, R., 1984, Conditions of Happiness, Boston–Dordrecht–Londres, Kluwer Academic.
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2008-07-01
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Rojas, M., & Jiménez, E. (2008). Subjective Poverty in Mexico: the Role of Income Evaluation Norms. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 16(32), 11–33. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl1632-011-2008
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