Small scale smugglers in Tamaulipas, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2142-109-2013Keywords:
smugglers, farming, farm workers, undocumented migrants, Tamaulipas, United States.Abstract
Small-scale part-time smugglers are embedded in the migrant community itself. They work in the United States for several months before returning to their place of origin to organize, with the help of several assistants, a small group of migrants, who are transported where the coyotes themselves are going. This article analyses small-scale smuggling carried out by Tamaulipas' polleros, who transport to the United States, one or a few times per year, migrants from their hometowns or other neighboring areas in order to be employed in the farming sector.Downloads
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References
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Slack, Jeremy y Scott Whiteford, 2010, "Viajes violentos: La transformación de la migración clandestina hacia Sonora y California", Norteamérica, vol. 5, núm. 2, pp. 79-107.
Spener, David, 2009, Clandestine Crossings: Migrants and Coyotes on the Texas-Mexico Border, Ithaca, Nueva York, Cornwell University Press.
Spener, David, 2008, "El apartheid global, el coyotaje y el discurso de la migración clandestina: Distinciones entre violencia personal, estructural y cultural", Migración y Desarrollo, núm. 10, pp. 127-156.
Spener, David, 2004, "Mexican Migrant-Smuggling: A Cross-Border Cottage Industry", Journal of Internacional Migration and Integration, vol. 5, núm. 3, pp. 295-320.
Vayrynen, Raimio, 2003, "Illegal Immigration, Human Trafficking, and Organized Crime", Discussion Paper núm. 2003/72, Helsinki: UNO World Institute for Development Economics Research.
Zhang, Sheldon, 2010, "Get there Anyway you can. Human Smuggling to the U.S. and the Policy Implications", Policy Brief Series, núm. 8, Global Consortium on Security Transformation.
Zhang, Sheldon, 2007, Smuggling and Trafficking in Human Beings. All Roads Lead to America, Westport, Greenwood Publishing Group.
Alonso Meneses, Guillermo, 2010, "De migras, coyotes y polleros. El argot de la migración clandestina en la región de Tijuana-San Diego", OGIGIA, núm. 8, pp. 15-31.
Andreas, Peter (2006) "Politics on Edge: Managing the US-Mexico Border", Current History, febrero, pp. 64-68.
Andreas, Peter (2003) "A Tale of Two Borders: The US-Mexico and US-Canada Lines after 9-11", The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies. University of California, San Diego, Working Paper 77.
Arango, Joaquín, 2003, "La explicación teórica de las migraciones: Luces y sombras", Migración y Desarrollo, núm. 1, pp. 1-30.
Arango, Joaquín, 2000, "Explaining Migration: a Critical View", International Social Science Journal, vol. 52, núm. 165, pp. 283-296.
Fuentes, Jezmín y García, Olivia ,2009, "Coyotaje: The Structure and Functioning of the People-Smuggling Industry", en Wayne A. Cornelius, David Fitzgerald y Scott Borger (eds.), Four Generations of Norteños. New Research from the Cradle of Mexican Migration, La Jolla, California, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, pp. 79-100.
Gallagher, Anne, 2002, "Trafficking, Smuggling and Human Rights: Tricks and Treaties", Forced Migration Review, núm. 12, pp. 25-28.
García Vázquez, Nancy Janett, Elisa Gaxiola y Arnoldo Guajardo,2007, "Movimientos transfronterizos México-Estados Unidos: Los polleros como agentes de movilidad", Confines de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencia Política, núm. 5, pp. 101-113.
Guerette, Rob T. y Ronald V. Clarke, 2005, "Border Enforcement, Organized Crime, and Deaths of Smuggled Migrants on the United States-Mexico Border", European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, núm. 11, pp. 159-174.
House Committee on Homeland Security (HCHS), 2006, A Line in the Sand: Confronting the Threat at the Southwest Border, Subcommittee on Investigations.
Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro, 2012a, "Coyotaje y grupos delictivos en Tamaulipas", Latin American Research Review, vol., 47, núm. 3, pp. 41-61.
Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro, 2012b, "El declive del contrabando de indocumentados en México", Mexican Studies, vol. 28, núm. 2, pp. 351-376
Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro, 2011, "Redes migratorias versus demanda laboral: Los elementos que moldean los procesos migratorios", Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, vol. 18, núm. 57, pp. 39-59.
Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro, 2010a, "La adicción a la mano de obra ilegal: Jornaleros tamaulipecos en Estados Unidos", Latin American Research Review, vol. 45, núm. 1, pp. 55-75.
Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro, 2010b, "Migración irregular y aislamiento social. Los jornaleros tamaulipecos indocumentados en los Estados Unidos", Revista Internacional de Sociología, vol. 68, núm. 2, pp. 453-472.
Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro, 2010c, "Los factores no salariales en la migración internacional: El caso tamaulipeco", Revista de Ciencias Sociales, vol. 16, núm. 4, pp. 605-615.
Kyle, David y Dale, John (2001) "Smuggling the State Back In: Agents of Human Smuggling Reconsidered", en Kyle, David y Koslowski, Rey (eds.) Global Human Smuggling. Comparative Perspectives, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 29-57.
Kyle, David y Zai Liand, 2001, "Migration Merchants: Human Smuggling from Ecuador and China", Working Paper, núm. 43, La Jolla, California, The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies.
López Castro, Gustavo, 1997, "Coyotes and Alien Smuggling", en Binational Study: Migration between Mexico and the United States, vol. 3. U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform.
Martínez, Óscar, 2010, Los migrantes que no importan, Barcelona, Icaria Editorial.
Massey, Douglas S., Jorge Durand y Nolan J. Malone, 2009, Detrás de la trama. Políticas migratorias entre México y Estados Unidos, México, Miguel Ángel Porrúa.
Mestries Benquet, Francis, 2005, "Crisis agrícola y emigración en Veracruz", Comercio Exterior, vol. 55, núm. 12, pp. 1030-1041.
Nevins, Joseph, 2003, "Thinking out of Bounds: A Critical Analysis of Academic and Human Rights Writings on Migrant Deaths in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region", Migraciones Internacionales, vol. 2, núm. 2, pp. 171-190.
Schell, Greg, 2002, "Farmworker Exceptionalism under the Law. How the Legal System Contributes to Farmworker Poverty and Powerlessness", en C.D. Thompson y M.F. Wiggins (eds.), The Human Cost of Food. Farmworkers' Lives, Labor and Advocacy, University of Texas Press, Texas, pp. 139-168.
Sharma, Nandita (2005) "Anti-Trafficking Rhetoric and the Making of a Global Apartheid", NWSA Journal, 17 (3), pp. 88-111.
Sharma, Nandita, 2003, "Travel Agency: A Critique of Anti-Trafficking Campaigns", Refuge, vol. 21, núm. 3, pp. 53-65.
Slack, Jeremy y Scott Whiteford, 2010, "Viajes violentos: La transformación de la migración clandestina hacia Sonora y California", Norteamérica, vol. 5, núm. 2, pp. 79-107.
Spener, David, 2009, Clandestine Crossings: Migrants and Coyotes on the Texas-Mexico Border, Ithaca, Nueva York, Cornwell University Press.
Spener, David, 2008, "El apartheid global, el coyotaje y el discurso de la migración clandestina: Distinciones entre violencia personal, estructural y cultural", Migración y Desarrollo, núm. 10, pp. 127-156.
Spener, David, 2004, "Mexican Migrant-Smuggling: A Cross-Border Cottage Industry", Journal of Internacional Migration and Integration, vol. 5, núm. 3, pp. 295-320.
Vayrynen, Raimio, 2003, "Illegal Immigration, Human Trafficking, and Organized Crime", Discussion Paper núm. 2003/72, Helsinki: UNO World Institute for Development Economics Research.
Zhang, Sheldon, 2010, "Get there Anyway you can. Human Smuggling to the U.S. and the Policy Implications", Policy Brief Series, núm. 8, Global Consortium on Security Transformation.
Zhang, Sheldon, 2007, Smuggling and Trafficking in Human Beings. All Roads Lead to America, Westport, Greenwood Publishing Group.
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2013-07-01
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Izcara Palacios, S. P. (2013). Small scale smugglers in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 21(42), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.18504/pl2142-109-2013
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
